Biodiversity in the Black Sea: effects of climate and anthropogenic factors

The Black Sea ecosystem and diversity underwent dramatic adverse changes during the 1960s and, especially, 1970s and 1980s of the last century. Anthropogenically-induced eutrophication increased through greater biogenic flow, dumping and pollutant discharge, in turn causing red tides, fish kills and oxygen depletion over the northwestern shelf. Anthropogenic pressures, associated with the economic situation of the Black Sea countries, has decreased during the last decade, allowing some improvement in the state and biodiversity of the ecosystem. The abundances of several native species have increased. However, mediterranization—the invasion by species from the adjacent basin and beyond—has continued. The conclusion is grounded, that biodiversity is not only inter- and intra-species diversity but also spatial–temporal variability, abundance and productivity dynamics, differences of the metabolic strategies providing sustainable existence in the changing environment. Biodiversity at the intra-species level expresses itself in spatial and temporal variations of the Black Sea biota. It has been shown, that рreservation of the Black Sea ecosystem’s biodiversity must be based on the measures which should be undertaken in national and social spheres, and be directed to the recreation, stabilization and conservation of this unique sea basin. Measures must be implemented nationally to conserve, stabilize or recreate the ecosystem biodiversity of this unique sea basin.     

我国县域分级医疗服务体系构建现状研究

目的 调查分析县域地区分级医疗服务体系构建及运行现状，挖掘影响分级医疗的不利因素，提出推进对策。方法 抽样调查全国11个国家级公立医院改革试点县县域内医疗资源和服务量的布局、患者就诊流向、医药费用及医保支出等情况，采用描述性统计方法、文献分析等方法对现况进行剖析。结果 县域地区分级医疗体系基本构建，但基层医疗机构人力资源配置待优化，医疗资源利用效率、服务能力不高，医保控费效果不显著，群众就医理念待更新，基层首诊、双向转诊、分级医疗运行状况不佳。结论 实现分级医疗应从优化县域医疗服务体系结构着手，优化县域资源配置，制订双向转诊标准，提升基层医疗机构服务能力，加强健康教育，构建高效运转的县域分级医疗服务体系。     

Local production of Ia-inducing activity in experimental immunogenic uveitis

The production of soluble lymphokine products of T lymphocytes was studied in the aqueous of rabbits with uveitis induced by intravitreal injection of 2.0 mg of ovalbumin. Aqueous from uveitic eyes demonstrated Ia-inducing activity at a dilution of 1:50 which diluted out at 1:250. The control aqueous and sera from normal or uveitic animals were negative. While production of interleukin 2(IL-2) in uveitic eyes could not be demonstrated in vitro, control rabbit concanavalin A-induced supernatants of nylon-wool-purified T cells contained both Ia-inducing and IL-2 activity. These data demonstrate antigen-driven production of a lymphokine activity in the aqueous of the uveitic eye. Local production of lymphokine may be a potent mechanism for amplification of the inflammatory process in uveitis.     

西双版纳姜科植物资源的利用现状与开发前景

介绍了云南西版纳地区姜科植物资源状况、生物学特性、当地少数民族对它们的利用现状,并对其开发利用前景和存在的问题作了探讨。     

桃儿七繁殖生物学研究

以居群为单位研究了桃儿七的繁殖生物学,指出桃儿七为适应分布区内生长季节短暂的环境条件,花各部分的形态在开花前一年就已开始分化,并形成一休眠芽,但大小孢子还尚未进行减数分裂。到了第二年春天气温回升之后,大小孢子方才进行减数分裂,并在减数分裂之后,植株通过茎基部的居间生长将花及叶带出地面。桃儿七在开花时先花后叶。花在露出土面的第二、三天随即开放。虽然桃儿七具有一系列适应干虫煤传粉的形态结构和生物学特征,但同时也具有许多和自花授粉有关的适应机制。桃儿七在开花习性及花部形态上常表现出多态。在自然状况下,桃儿七是一种以自花授粉为主的植物,它的有性生殖良好,每株性成熟植株平均可产生60粒左右的种子,多者可达180粒。由种子萌发长成的植株大约需要5－6年的时间方才性成熟。在一般条件下,桃儿七行有性生殖,但在环境条件良好时,也可通过根茎来进行营养繁殖。桃儿七为二倍体,12条染色体组成6个联锁群,在减数分裂时,交叉发生较少。桃儿七具有较大当前适合度,亦具有一定的进化灵活度。     

Reproductive regulation in the female Japanese minnow, Pseudorasbora parva (Cyprinidae)

The Japanese minnow, Pseudorasbora parva, is a multiple spawner that lays eggs repeatedly during the spawning season. In laboratory aquaria, 19 of 63 females did not spawn, whereas 44 other females laid 167 to 6285 eggs in 1 to 14 mating sequences. Neither fish density nor sex ratio (number of males per female) affected fecundity, but the increase in fish density significantly decreased the growth rate of females. The increase in male length significantly increased fecundity in aquaria which contained only a single male, whereas it decreased female growth rate. These relationships were not evident in aquaria housing three or ten males. Since larger males were more dominant and had larger testes than smaller males, the correlation between fecundity and male size strongly suggests that individual females regulated fecundity to increase their reproductive success.     

Ecosystem remediation in radioactively polluted areas: the Chernobyl experience

The ecosystems of Chernobyl nuclear accident zone, having been deeply transformed by normal long-term agricultural and forestry activity, have been damaged by irradiation after the nuclear accident of 1986 and then influenced by post-accident countermeasures. Ecosystem remediation is being undertaken in this area, including maintenance of the forests, artificial afforestation, and processes of spontaneous self-restoration of the natural coenoses. Both natural and artificial remediation of the landscapes and ecosystems at the abandoned territory improves their capacity to retain radionuclides and their ability to stabilise the processes of redistribution of radionuclides and their spread in the environment. The Chernobyl zone is a territory of great importance for studying ecosystem remediation processes and elaborating on ecological engineering technologies to correct serious environmental problems arising from radionuclides release.     

Oxidative phosphorylation and proton translocation in membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli

This paper reports physical-chemical properties of proteins L7 and L12 from E. coli 50 S subunits. Evidence is presented that these two proteins behave in their native state as a dimer of molecular weight 24000. From sedimentation velocity and intrinsic viscosity data the actual frictional ratio of the dimer has been obtained revealing an asymmetric particle which can be described as a rod with cell dimensions of L = 130 Å and a diameter of D = 17.0 Å. From small X-ray scattering the radius of gyration (Rg = 37.0 Å), the thickness factor, and the degree of hydration were determined. This indicates that the extended shape of the dimer is due to the asymmetry of the molecule and not to the hydration.